Archive for the ‘Rock Online’ Category

1) Soil – as the object is to represent the specimen in the midst of its natural surroundings, the soil must be replaced by something light, and yet so like the original substance that the difference is not noticeable. This can be achieved by mixing enough plaster-of-paris with some PVA glue to make a cream. Then with a small brush cover every part of the groundwork with this composition. Probably by the next day it will be dry. Then paint it with thin glue and dash on plenty of sharp sand (silver sand is the best). When dry, proceed to colour the work with oil colours, well thinned with turps, blending them well one with the other suitable colours for soil are : Yellow, burnt sienna (with or without burnt umber), and black, making the hollow parts rather darker, and dusting on Saxon green on the higher parts. Another option is to use scenic scatter which is readily available from model shops or online and comes in various shades. This is laid on a PVA glue base.

2) Similarly with rock, you will need a lightweight alternative. This can either be achieved by forming a chicken wire frame over which is laid plaster of paris or scrap newspaper daubed liberally with diluted PVA glue. Another option is to soak screwed up ‘balls’ of newspaper again soaked with PVA glue solution and place this in an area to form a ‘rocky’ base. This should then be covered with small square pieces of tissue paper soaked in a PVA solution. Once dry paint and cover with coloured scatter, this gives a good earth or grass appearance and is available from good model shops. A final alternative for making a rock face for which you’ll need The equipment can be bought in internet. You can also get extra cash by applying online cash advance loan

• Some Expanded polystyrene, the stuff used for packaging • A Hacksaw or Stanley knife • A Soldering Iron (you could also use a knife to make the rock pattern) • White poster paint • Black enamel paint • A paintbrush First, grab your polystyrene and cut off a (or a number of) thin slivers with either a hacksaw or a knife for size of the gap you are going to fill. Once cut to size it’s a good idea to break off some of the top to make the shape more random, as you’ll rarely see a perfectly rectangular rock face. Don’t worry about neatness here, just as long as you don’t tamper with the edges you’ve just lined up. Now, to the tricky (fun?) part: the soldering. (note: you could use a specially designed heat knifes for carving polystyrene. Make sure you use a well-ventilated room as the fumes are possibly toxic, might be best in a garage with the door flung open, or even outside if the weather is suitable. When the soldering iron is hot, gently sweep across the polystyrene to melt the surface. You can be quite artistic with a soldering iron. You can do as you see fit for this bit. Just use the tool like a pencil and carve various shapes and formations to make a rocky appearance. Remember that the polystyrene is thin, so press lightly if you do make a hole however, a suitable ‘filler’ piece can be made quite easily. For the paint it’s best to mix black enamel paint with white poster paint. As these two don’t mix properly, it will give the rock a weathered, more realistic texture which really adds to the effect. Mix them together but don’t be too worried if they aren’t completely mixed, rocks often look better darker in places and lighter in others! Apply enough paint to ensure there is no white visible. You don’t need to paint the back but it’s a good idea to paint the top and sides as these may become visible when placed on the scene. There you have it, one painted rock face. This will take a few hours to dry, as although the poster paint dries relatively quickly, the nature of the enamel paint and the mixture means it takes longer. Once dry, the rock face can be fixed in placed with wood glue, pva or hob-e-tac, but NOT superglue, which will melt your rock face and all your hard work into a sticky mess. When in position, apply some scenic scatter to the top to make the rock face seem to blend into the hill, and make it look less like someone’s just stuck it there!



A brochure is effective marketing collateral that can help you make a success out of your promotional campaign. Your brochure’s main purpose is to attract your clients to purchase a product from you or avail of a service.

Even with a powerful message and exciting brochure printing design, all your efforts would be put to waste if you don’t have the right folding technique that would help your brochure spread out its wares in your recipients’ hands. Not to mention that your overall brochure printing cost is also determined by your folding pattern.

It matters then how you apply your folding technique. To make a possible sale and eventually increase your profits, you have to know what type of brochure folding technique would be suitable for your needs and purpose.

Contrary to what a lot of people think, effective brochures are made not only from great design or the perfect paper. (For most promotional materials actually, like the club flyers, success is more than these two elements.) For the most part, effective brochures are made by how they unfold.

For your next marketing campaign using brochures as your print collaterals, here are the most effective folding methods that you can use to increase your sales.

The Four-Page Fold. This simple brochure fold is the most basic as well as the simplest technique. It is suitable for direct mail campaigns because you don’t need envelopes to send them to your target clients. They’re very easy to make as well.

The Six-Page Fold. Also best for direct mail brochures and can be used as well for invitations. They can be applied to letterheads and literature materials for best results.

The Six-Page Accordion Fold. This technique uses the basic literature fold just like that of the 6-page. The only difference is the format applies the accordion as a design to the folding technique. Also ideal for direct mail campaigns.

The Eight-Page Parallel Fold. This is very popular among sales people as it promotes readability of more detailed information. Generally a literature and map folding technique, it is perfect for direct sales mailers and directional invitations. It can also be mailed even without an envelope.

The Eight-Page French, Eight-Page Map, Eight-Page Gate, Eight-Page Accordion, and the Eight-Page Roll Folds. All of these techniques are ideal for literature and map folding specifications. They are also great for detailed sales and marketing information, as well as for contents that use diagrams.

The Ten-Page Accordion, Ten-Page Parallel, and Twelve-Page Roll Folds. Also suitable for sales and product brochures with a more detailed content.

The Twelve-Page Broadsheet and Signature Folds. In addition to sales brochures with maps or diagrams, the 12-page broadsheet fold is also ideal for educational and training kits.

The 16-Page Broadsheet and Signature Folds. Suitable for general maps, educational or product descriptions in your brochures.

Folding is an art. Just like the Japanese origami, you can create a lot of things out of a mere piece of paper. In the same manner, when you fold your brochures, an art is created; an art that will draw your clients to your business, and eventually increase your ROI.

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Skipping rocks is something that most people have done. This activity is fun because it is a challenge to get the rock to skip more times than the person you are competing against. Over the centuries scientists have examined the physics of rock skipping and they have formulated strategies to improve how many skips a person is able to get their rocks to complete.

The Process of Skipping a Rock

The basic process of skipping a rock is simple. The person selects a stone, they stand perpendicular to the shoreline and they cast the stone so that it skims the surface of the water. At first look it seems that flat, lightweight stones skip the best. With this basic understanding of how to skip a rock a person can alter their actions and rock selection process to improve their skip records.

The Physical Characteristics of a Good Skipping Stone

When you understand the basics of physics it is easier to improve your rock skipping abilities. To start with you will want to select a rock that will have characteristics that are important to develop lift, stability and momentum. The first characteristic of a good skipping stone is a round or five sided shape. This shape will allow the stone to spin.

The second characteristic to look for is a flat stone that has a uniform thickness. This characteristic will make balancing the stone in flight easier to do, and it will help to achieve lift.

The third characteristic to look for is a stone that is about the weight of a softball. Stones that are too light will not produce enough momentum to complete a lot of skips. Conversely, stones that are too heavy will require a lot of energy to project them out onto the water.

The Purpose of Spin

Spin is an important characteristic of a good throw when skipping rocks. Spin helps the stone to stay on its trailing edge, which is what makes contact with the water. It also generates centripetal force which stabilizes the stone when it is in the air. This force also correct the position of the stone after it has been thrown. This gives the stone the ability to skip more times.

Getting the Most Skips

Physicists have worked out formulas for predicting how many skips a stone will be able to achieve. While there are several formulas to work with, each seems to focus on the relationship between the linear speed of the rock and the number of spins per second that it produces. To get the most skips as possible you will need to ensure that your stone is spinning at a rate that keeps it stable and that it is traveling at a linear speed that produces enough lift to keep the stone skipping across the water’s surface.

It is estimated that it will take a rotation speed of about five spins per second to get a rock to skip five times. Record breaking skips require nearly three times this spin speed. This shows that there is a definite relationship between the number of skips and the rocks spinning speed and linear speed.